Artificial Intelligence

The initial goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was recreating humanoid intelligence, but the majority of AI research has prescribed ideal mathematical behavior into computers [Swe03, p. 1].

Russell and Norvig clearly outline what the field of AI conveys. The definitions of AI vary along two main dimensions: first it is concerned with thought processes and reasoning, second it deals with behavior. Additionally, it is concerned with human performance or rationality (an ideal concept of intelligence). Table 1.1 shows the main four categories. [RN95]

The sub areas of AI range from fundamentals, like knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition, problem solving and search, to specific concepts, like knowledge-based systems, intelligent agents, natural language processing, machine learning, computer vision, or impacts. [RN95]

Table 1.1: Main A.I. categories

Systems that think like humans	Systems that think rationally
Systems that act like humans	Systems that act rationally

AI can be seen as having theoretical (science) and an applied (engineering) aspect. Most realized AI project include (1) A theory of intelligence, (2) a formal model and (3) a computer system implementing the model. [Wan06, p. 4]