... VLSI1.1
Very Large Scale Integration 
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...Kolb1.2
McCulloch in 1952: ``perhaps 100 bits/s'', Kurzweil: 100Hz. 
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... m/s1.3
100 m/s [Ham03, p. 61], 111 m/s [EA03, p. 1], perhaps up to 120 m/s [KW01, p. 132], 120 m/s [Pen90] 
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... psychology1.4
The study of behavior that uses principles of natural selection to account for human behaviors.[KW01] 
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... Sims1.5
Extensive material on Sims' virtual creatures can be found here: http://www.genarts.com/karl/ 
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... Minsky1.6
Marvin Minsky has made many contributions to AI, cognitive psychology, mathematics, computational linguistics, robotics, and optics. In recent years he has worked chiefly on imparting to machines the human capacity for common sense reasoning. His conception of human intellectual structure and function is presented in his book ``The Society of Mind'' and further elaborated upon in his upcoming book ``The Emotion Machine.'' [from www.KurzweilAI.net]. Quote seems to be from 1985. 
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... factor1.7
The g factor is the highest-order common factor that can be extracted in a hierarchical factor analysis from a large battery of diverse tests of various cognitive abilities [Jen99], suggested by Charles Spearman in 1927 and still relevant. 
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... connectionist1.8
Bottom up. Often also referred to as Parallel Distributed Processing. 
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... neurology1.9
A notable discovery is e.g. [SD02]: measurements on a cat's visual cortex were fed into an ANN simulation. The simulation aproximated the real world situation and served as a predictor for neuron behavior. 
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... OCR1.10
Optical Character Recognition: recognition of hand- or typewritten text into machine-editable text. 
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... paper2.1
ISO paper standard defines: A$n$ = $2^{-n}$ square meter, A4 = $2^{-4}$ m$^2$, so 4*A4 = 4*$^{1}/_{16}$ = 0.25 m$^2$ 
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... neurons2.2
[BK92, p. 7] say $10^{11}$, [KW01, pp. 47, 79] say 80 billion neurons (order of $10^{11}$). 
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... neuroglia2.3
The earlier neuron count excludes another $10^{11}$, perhaps even $10^{12}$ neuroglia (see also: http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_astrocytes ). 
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... learning2.4
Memory formation is a more complicated subject. 
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... theory2.5
Defined as: ``Biological evolution is the process of change over time in the heritable characteristics, or traits, of a population of organisms.'' - source: Wikipedia 
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... slate'2.6
In AI, tabula rasa is also used to highlight that an AI system is not programmed with facts but arrives at its conclusions by its internal dynamics. 
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... conception2.7
Conception is the initial stage [Sha02, pp. 102], not birth recognizing prenatal influences. 
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... harder2.8
Doubling the distance makes it 8 times more difficult because of solid angle shrinking. 
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... systems2.9
Modularized systems are the more specialized systems, as opposed to domain-general systems. 
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... intelligence2.10
General fluid intelligence: the ability to solve problems and to learn. 
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... intelligence2.11
General crystallized intelligence: Acquired knowledge of the world, (e.g. common-sense, mental models, vocabulary, etc.). 
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... kinship2.12
Kinship: Genetic relationship. 
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... ratios2.13
Glia are cells that provide nutrients to the neurons. They are in-between the blood veins and the neurons. 
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... shapes3.1
Morphology concerns with the form or shape in general, or physiology in biology. 
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...fig:EvoMorphScreenshot)3.2
A short video clip is available at: http://studie.erikdebruijn.nl/thesis/ 
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... number?3.3
An apt quote in this regard is: ``Sex is a relatively recent addition to the dance of life. For more than 2,000,000,000 years, asexual reproduction was the rule. You know, if you were a creature, you just separated into two clones.'' - Mark Jerome Walters 
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... `strategies'3.4
When I say `strategies' I do not conjecture that they have thought of a way to reach a goal. The experimenter has a goal, but the algorithms are just procedures which should not be ascribed any motivations. Creations are often ascribe more human-like properties than can scientifically be justified [SZ98]. 
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... Life3.5
It is disputable whether the example may be labeled Artificial Life, since there is no adaptation, socialization nor is there growth. Oparin [Opa38] proposed that living matter be defined as having the following properties: metabolism, self-reproduction, and mutability. 
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... insect-like3.6
In terms of the level of simplicity, not its specific morphology, which is always six legged for insecta. 
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... DoF3.7
In mechanics, degrees of freedom (DoF) are the set of independent displacements that specify completely the displaced or deformed position of the body or system.
Source: Wikipedia (retrieved 15 October 2007). 
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... growth3.8
Lindenmayer-systems are introduced by Astrid Lindenmayer in an attempt to model the biological growth of plants. 
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... systems3.9
Think of organs, cells, chromosomes, etc. 
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... reflexes3.10
A reflex is an involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus, such as when the eye automatically blinks in response to a puff of air. [Sha02, p. 134] 
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... lost3.11
Or, [MPMS00a, p. 9] suggest they may become embedded into more complex control structures. 
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... experiment3.12
Similar to the my own (unfinished) `RoboSense: Experiment 1' on http://studie.erikdebruijn.nl/thesis/ 
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... variability3.13
e.g. due to unpure silicon, lithographic mask alignment variations, a scratch on a lens or dust during production. 
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... computers3.14
``In a special purpose machine the computational procedure could be part of the hardware. In a general purpose one the instructions must be as changeable as the numbers they acted upon. Therefore, why not encode the instructions into numeric form and store instructions and data in the same memory? This frequently is viewed as the principal contribution provided by von Neumann's insight into the nature of what a computer should be.'' [Ril87] 
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... FPGA3.15
FPGA is the acronym for Field-programmable gate array 
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... neurons3.16
As far as I could find. There are some false claims of 1 billion neurons made [Kur99, p. 80] and recited [Nol01, p. 54], but that was the unrealized goal. 
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... brain)3.17
[BK92, p. 7] say: $10^4$ synapses on average per neuron. 
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...Psaltis3.18
The first optical implementation of neural networks was proposed by D. Psaltis, cited here. 
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... fields4.1
In astrology he was able to explain what happened inside a black hole. His Penrose tiles have lead to the discovery of quasicrystals which have produced a paradigm shift in crystallography [Cah95, pp. 807-810]. 
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... problem4.2
No machine can tell in general whether a given program will return an answer on a given input, or run forever. 
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... theorem4.3
Gödel showed that in any language expressive enough to describe the properties of the natural numbers, there are true statements that are undecidable: their truth cannot be established by any algorithm. 
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... emergence4.4
Very simply put, with emergence more comes out of it than is programmed into it. 
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... eclectic5.1
Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; as, an eclectic philosopher.
Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) 
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... examinerA.1
Originally called the interrogator. 
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... abuseA.2
Luis von Ahn has formalized the CAPTCHA, ``Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart'', which is in use for preventing unwanted automatic usage of resources (e.g. subscription to e-mail services to be able to send SPAM). 
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