Ad 3)

Do the implementations have what is needed for intelligence to emerge? Will intelligence eventually arise? The views of Roger Penrose and Alastair Channon [Cha96] are presented. Penrose conjectures that if the mind works non-algorithmically, we can not run it on any algorithmic machine or any Turing complete machine it is equivalent to. Channon argues that since we're unable to specify precicely what intelligence is, we should not expect it to emerge when using the `fitness function' in the traditional sense. Instead, Channon and others propose a co-evolution based aproach.

Due to the complex nature of the topic, I must apologize to have pursued an approach often called eclectic^5.1. Hopefully I have done this well.