Ad 2)

Both neuronal structures and evolution have been implemented artificially and have been combined, referred to as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). Two experimental implementations are discussed and related to the theory. Experimenting with the evolution of shape (morphology) and control structure of virtual creatures results in some interesting observations and illustrates the problems one might encounter when designing selection functions. The Babybot experiment is quite unique as it takes a development approach to robotics, even while development is crucial for humans and since human like behavior is the premise of AI. In contrast with Goldstein and Godoy's creatures, the Babybot adds an interaction which is important to more complex species, and essential to emergence of qualities such as intelligence: development.

Implementation challenges and issues are discussed, scaling and interconnection problems. Possible solutions are use of FPGA, aVLSI, neuromorphic engineering, optic-holographic and molecular computing devices.